alloy_eips/eip4844/

sidecar.rs

//! EIP-4844 sidecar type

use crate::{
    eip4844::{
        kzg_to_versioned_hash, Blob, BlobAndProofV1, Bytes48, BYTES_PER_BLOB, BYTES_PER_COMMITMENT,
        BYTES_PER_PROOF,
    },
    eip7594::{Decodable7594, Encodable7594},
};
use alloc::{boxed::Box, vec::Vec};
use alloy_primitives::{bytes::BufMut, B256};
use alloy_rlp::{Decodable, Encodable, Header};

#[cfg(any(test, feature = "arbitrary"))]
use crate::eip4844::MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK_DENCUN;

/// The versioned hash version for KZG.
#[cfg(feature = "kzg")]
pub(crate) const VERSIONED_HASH_VERSION_KZG: u8 = 0x01;

/// A Blob hash
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct IndexedBlobHash {
    /// The index of the blob
    pub index: u64,
    /// The hash of the blob
    pub hash: B256,
}

/// This represents a set of blobs, and its corresponding commitments and proofs.
///
/// This type encodes and decodes the fields without an rlp header.
#[derive(Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(C)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
#[doc(alias = "BlobTxSidecar")]
pub struct BlobTransactionSidecar {
    /// The blob data.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(deserialize_with = "deserialize_blobs"))]
    pub blobs: Vec<Blob>,
    /// The blob commitments.
    pub commitments: Vec<Bytes48>,
    /// The blob proofs.
    pub proofs: Vec<Bytes48>,
}

impl core::fmt::Debug for BlobTransactionSidecar {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("BlobTransactionSidecar")
            .field("blobs", &self.blobs.len())
            .field("commitments", &self.commitments)
            .field("proofs", &self.proofs)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl BlobTransactionSidecar {
    /// Matches versioned hashes and returns an iterator of (index, [`BlobAndProofV1`]) pairs
    /// where index is the position in `versioned_hashes` that matched the versioned hash in the
    /// sidecar.
    ///
    /// This is used for the `engine_getBlobsV1` RPC endpoint of the engine API
    pub fn match_versioned_hashes<'a>(
        &'a self,
        versioned_hashes: &'a [B256],
    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (usize, BlobAndProofV1)> + 'a {
        self.versioned_hashes().enumerate().flat_map(move |(i, blob_versioned_hash)| {
            versioned_hashes.iter().enumerate().filter_map(move |(j, target_hash)| {
                if blob_versioned_hash == *target_hash {
                    if let Some((blob, proof)) =
                        self.blobs.get(i).copied().zip(self.proofs.get(i).copied())
                    {
                        return Some((j, BlobAndProofV1 { blob: Box::new(blob), proof }));
                    }
                }
                None
            })
        })
    }
}

impl IntoIterator for BlobTransactionSidecar {
    type Item = BlobTransactionSidecarItem;
    type IntoIter = alloc::vec::IntoIter<BlobTransactionSidecarItem>;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
        self.blobs
            .into_iter()
            .zip(self.commitments)
            .zip(self.proofs)
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(index, ((blob, commitment), proof))| BlobTransactionSidecarItem {
                index: index as u64,
                blob: Box::new(blob),
                kzg_commitment: commitment,
                kzg_proof: proof,
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
            .into_iter()
    }
}

/// A single blob sidecar.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(C)]
#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize))]
pub struct BlobTransactionSidecarItem {
    /// The index of this item within the [BlobTransactionSidecar].
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(with = "alloy_serde::quantity"))]
    pub index: u64,
    /// The blob in this sidecar item.
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", serde(deserialize_with = "super::deserialize_blob"))]
    pub blob: Box<Blob>,
    /// The KZG commitment.
    pub kzg_commitment: Bytes48,
    /// The KZG proof.
    pub kzg_proof: Bytes48,
}

#[cfg(feature = "kzg")]
impl BlobTransactionSidecarItem {
    /// `VERSIONED_HASH_VERSION_KZG ++ sha256(commitment)[1..]`
    pub fn to_kzg_versioned_hash(&self) -> [u8; 32] {
        use sha2::Digest;
        let commitment = self.kzg_commitment.as_slice();
        let mut hash: [u8; 32] = sha2::Sha256::digest(commitment).into();
        hash[0] = VERSIONED_HASH_VERSION_KZG;
        hash
    }

    /// Verifies the KZG proof of a blob to ensure its integrity and correctness.
    pub fn verify_blob_kzg_proof(&self) -> Result<(), BlobTransactionValidationError> {
        let binding = crate::eip4844::env_settings::EnvKzgSettings::Default;
        let settings = binding.get();

        let blob = c_kzg::Blob::from_bytes(self.blob.as_slice())
            .map_err(BlobTransactionValidationError::KZGError)?;

        let commitment = c_kzg::Bytes48::from_bytes(self.kzg_commitment.as_slice())
            .map_err(BlobTransactionValidationError::KZGError)?;

        let proof = c_kzg::Bytes48::from_bytes(self.kzg_proof.as_slice())
            .map_err(BlobTransactionValidationError::KZGError)?;

        let result = settings
            .verify_blob_kzg_proof(&blob, &commitment, &proof)
            .map_err(BlobTransactionValidationError::KZGError)?;

        result.then_some(()).ok_or(BlobTransactionValidationError::InvalidProof)
    }

    /// Verify the blob sidecar against its [IndexedBlobHash].
    pub fn verify_blob(
        &self,
        hash: &IndexedBlobHash,
    ) -> Result<(), BlobTransactionValidationError> {
        if self.index != hash.index {
            let blob_hash_part = B256::from_slice(&self.blob[0..32]);
            return Err(BlobTransactionValidationError::WrongVersionedHash {
                have: blob_hash_part,
                expected: hash.hash,
            });
        }

        let computed_hash = self.to_kzg_versioned_hash();
        if computed_hash != hash.hash {
            return Err(BlobTransactionValidationError::WrongVersionedHash {
                have: computed_hash.into(),
                expected: hash.hash,
            });
        }

        self.verify_blob_kzg_proof()
    }
}

#[cfg(any(test, feature = "arbitrary"))]
impl<'a> arbitrary::Arbitrary<'a> for BlobTransactionSidecar {
    fn arbitrary(u: &mut arbitrary::Unstructured<'a>) -> arbitrary::Result<Self> {
        let num_blobs = u.int_in_range(1..=MAX_BLOBS_PER_BLOCK_DENCUN)?;
        let mut blobs = Vec::with_capacity(num_blobs);
        for _ in 0..num_blobs {
            blobs.push(Blob::arbitrary(u)?);
        }

        let mut commitments = Vec::with_capacity(num_blobs);
        let mut proofs = Vec::with_capacity(num_blobs);
        for _ in 0..num_blobs {
            commitments.push(Bytes48::arbitrary(u)?);
            proofs.push(Bytes48::arbitrary(u)?);
        }

        Ok(Self { blobs, commitments, proofs })
    }
}

impl BlobTransactionSidecar {
    /// Constructs a new [BlobTransactionSidecar] from a set of blobs, commitments, and proofs.
    pub const fn new(blobs: Vec<Blob>, commitments: Vec<Bytes48>, proofs: Vec<Bytes48>) -> Self {
        Self { blobs, commitments, proofs }
    }

    /// Creates a new instance from the given KZG types.
    #[cfg(feature = "kzg")]
    pub fn from_kzg(
        blobs: Vec<c_kzg::Blob>,
        commitments: Vec<c_kzg::Bytes48>,
        proofs: Vec<c_kzg::Bytes48>,
    ) -> Self {
        // transmutes the vec of items, see also [core::mem::transmute](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/mem/fn.transmute.html)
        unsafe fn transmute_vec<U, T>(input: Vec<T>) -> Vec<U> {
            let mut v = core::mem::ManuallyDrop::new(input);
            Vec::from_raw_parts(v.as_mut_ptr() as *mut U, v.len(), v.capacity())
        }

        // SAFETY: all types have the same size and alignment
        unsafe {
            let blobs = transmute_vec::<Blob, c_kzg::Blob>(blobs);
            let commitments = transmute_vec::<Bytes48, c_kzg::Bytes48>(commitments);
            let proofs = transmute_vec::<Bytes48, c_kzg::Bytes48>(proofs);
            Self { blobs, commitments, proofs }
        }
    }

    /// Verifies that the versioned hashes are valid for this sidecar's blob data, commitments, and
    /// proofs.
    ///
    /// Takes as input the [KzgSettings](c_kzg::KzgSettings), which should contain the parameters
    /// derived from the KZG trusted setup.
    ///
    /// This ensures that the blob transaction payload has the same number of blob data elements,
    /// commitments, and proofs. Each blob data element is verified against its commitment and
    /// proof.
    ///
    /// Returns [BlobTransactionValidationError::InvalidProof] if any blob KZG proof in the response
    /// fails to verify, or if the versioned hashes in the transaction do not match the actual
    /// commitment versioned hashes.
    #[cfg(feature = "kzg")]
    pub fn validate(
        &self,
        blob_versioned_hashes: &[B256],
        proof_settings: &c_kzg::KzgSettings,
    ) -> Result<(), BlobTransactionValidationError> {
        // Ensure the versioned hashes and commitments have the same length.
        if blob_versioned_hashes.len() != self.commitments.len() {
            return Err(c_kzg::Error::MismatchLength(format!(
                "There are {} versioned commitment hashes and {} commitments",
                blob_versioned_hashes.len(),
                self.commitments.len()
            ))
            .into());
        }

        // calculate versioned hashes by zipping & iterating
        for (versioned_hash, commitment) in
            blob_versioned_hashes.iter().zip(self.commitments.iter())
        {
            // calculate & verify versioned hash
            let calculated_versioned_hash = kzg_to_versioned_hash(commitment.as_slice());
            if *versioned_hash != calculated_versioned_hash {
                return Err(BlobTransactionValidationError::WrongVersionedHash {
                    have: *versioned_hash,
                    expected: calculated_versioned_hash,
                });
            }
        }

        // SAFETY: ALL types have the same size
        let res = unsafe {
            proof_settings.verify_blob_kzg_proof_batch(
                // blobs
                core::mem::transmute::<&[Blob], &[c_kzg::Blob]>(self.blobs.as_slice()),
                // commitments
                core::mem::transmute::<&[Bytes48], &[c_kzg::Bytes48]>(self.commitments.as_slice()),
                // proofs
                core::mem::transmute::<&[Bytes48], &[c_kzg::Bytes48]>(self.proofs.as_slice()),
            )
        }
        .map_err(BlobTransactionValidationError::KZGError)?;

        res.then_some(()).ok_or(BlobTransactionValidationError::InvalidProof)
    }

    /// Returns an iterator over the versioned hashes of the commitments.
    pub fn versioned_hashes(&self) -> VersionedHashIter<'_> {
        VersionedHashIter::new(&self.commitments)
    }

    /// Returns the versioned hash for the blob at the given index, if it
    /// exists.
    pub fn versioned_hash_for_blob(&self, blob_index: usize) -> Option<B256> {
        self.commitments.get(blob_index).map(|c| kzg_to_versioned_hash(c.as_slice()))
    }

    /// Returns the index of the versioned hash in the commitments vector.
    pub fn versioned_hash_index(&self, hash: &B256) -> Option<usize> {
        self.commitments
            .iter()
            .position(|commitment| kzg_to_versioned_hash(commitment.as_slice()) == *hash)
    }

    /// Returns the blob corresponding to the versioned hash, if it exists.
    pub fn blob_by_versioned_hash(&self, hash: &B256) -> Option<&Blob> {
        self.versioned_hash_index(hash).and_then(|index| self.blobs.get(index))
    }

    /// Calculates a size heuristic for the in-memory size of the [BlobTransactionSidecar].
    #[inline]
    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
        self.blobs.len() * BYTES_PER_BLOB + // blobs
            self.commitments.len() * BYTES_PER_COMMITMENT + // commitments
            self.proofs.len() * BYTES_PER_PROOF // proofs
    }

    /// Tries to create a new [`BlobTransactionSidecar`] from the hex encoded blob str.
    ///
    /// See also [`Blob::from_hex`](c_kzg::Blob::from_hex)
    #[cfg(all(feature = "kzg", any(test, feature = "arbitrary")))]
    pub fn try_from_blobs_hex<I, B>(blobs: I) -> Result<Self, c_kzg::Error>
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = B>,
        B: AsRef<str>,
    {
        let mut b = Vec::new();
        for blob in blobs {
            b.push(c_kzg::Blob::from_hex(blob.as_ref())?)
        }
        Self::try_from_blobs(b)
    }

    /// Tries to create a new [`BlobTransactionSidecar`] from the given blob bytes.
    ///
    /// See also [`Blob::from_bytes`](c_kzg::Blob::from_bytes)
    #[cfg(all(feature = "kzg", any(test, feature = "arbitrary")))]
    pub fn try_from_blobs_bytes<I, B>(blobs: I) -> Result<Self, c_kzg::Error>
    where
        I: IntoIterator<Item = B>,
        B: AsRef<[u8]>,
    {
        let mut b = Vec::new();
        for blob in blobs {
            b.push(c_kzg::Blob::from_bytes(blob.as_ref())?)
        }
        Self::try_from_blobs(b)
    }

    /// Tries to create a new [`BlobTransactionSidecar`] from the given blobs.
    ///
    /// This uses the global/default KZG settings, see also
    /// [`EnvKzgSettings::Default`](crate::eip4844::env_settings::EnvKzgSettings).
    #[cfg(all(feature = "kzg", any(test, feature = "arbitrary")))]
    pub fn try_from_blobs(blobs: Vec<c_kzg::Blob>) -> Result<Self, c_kzg::Error> {
        use crate::eip4844::env_settings::EnvKzgSettings;

        let kzg_settings = EnvKzgSettings::Default;

        let commitments = blobs
            .iter()
            .map(|blob| {
                kzg_settings.get().blob_to_kzg_commitment(&blob.clone()).map(|blob| blob.to_bytes())
            })
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;

        let proofs = blobs
            .iter()
            .zip(commitments.iter())
            .map(|(blob, commitment)| {
                kzg_settings
                    .get()
                    .compute_blob_kzg_proof(blob, commitment)
                    .map(|blob| blob.to_bytes())
            })
            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;

        Ok(Self::from_kzg(blobs, commitments, proofs))
    }

    /// Outputs the RLP length of the [BlobTransactionSidecar] fields, without
    /// a RLP header.
    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub fn rlp_encoded_fields_length(&self) -> usize {
        self.blobs.length() + self.commitments.length() + self.proofs.length()
    }

    /// Encodes the inner [BlobTransactionSidecar] fields as RLP bytes, __without__ a RLP header.
    ///
    /// This encodes the fields in the following order:
    /// - `blobs`
    /// - `commitments`
    /// - `proofs`
    #[inline]
    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub fn rlp_encode_fields(&self, out: &mut dyn BufMut) {
        // Encode the blobs, commitments, and proofs
        self.blobs.encode(out);
        self.commitments.encode(out);
        self.proofs.encode(out);
    }

    /// Creates an RLP header for the [BlobTransactionSidecar].
    fn rlp_header(&self) -> Header {
        Header { list: true, payload_length: self.rlp_encoded_fields_length() }
    }

    /// Calculates the length of the [BlobTransactionSidecar] when encoded as
    /// RLP.
    pub fn rlp_encoded_length(&self) -> usize {
        self.rlp_header().length() + self.rlp_encoded_fields_length()
    }

    /// Encodes the [BlobTransactionSidecar] as RLP bytes.
    pub fn rlp_encode(&self, out: &mut dyn BufMut) {
        self.rlp_header().encode(out);
        self.rlp_encode_fields(out);
    }

    /// RLP decode the fields of a [BlobTransactionSidecar].
    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub fn rlp_decode_fields(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> alloy_rlp::Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            blobs: Decodable::decode(buf)?,
            commitments: Decodable::decode(buf)?,
            proofs: Decodable::decode(buf)?,
        })
    }

    /// Decodes the [BlobTransactionSidecar] from RLP bytes.
    pub fn rlp_decode(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> alloy_rlp::Result<Self> {
        let header = Header::decode(buf)?;
        if !header.list {
            return Err(alloy_rlp::Error::UnexpectedString);
        }
        if buf.len() < header.payload_length {
            return Err(alloy_rlp::Error::InputTooShort);
        }
        let remaining = buf.len();
        let this = Self::rlp_decode_fields(buf)?;

        if buf.len() + header.payload_length != remaining {
            return Err(alloy_rlp::Error::UnexpectedLength);
        }

        Ok(this)
    }
}

impl Encodable for BlobTransactionSidecar {
    /// Encodes the inner [BlobTransactionSidecar] fields as RLP bytes, without a RLP header.
    fn encode(&self, out: &mut dyn BufMut) {
        self.rlp_encode(out);
    }

    fn length(&self) -> usize {
        self.rlp_encoded_length()
    }
}

impl Decodable for BlobTransactionSidecar {
    /// Decodes the inner [BlobTransactionSidecar] fields from RLP bytes, without a RLP header.
    fn decode(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> alloy_rlp::Result<Self> {
        Self::rlp_decode(buf)
    }
}

impl Encodable7594 for BlobTransactionSidecar {
    fn encode_7594_len(&self) -> usize {
        self.rlp_encoded_fields_length()
    }

    fn encode_7594(&self, out: &mut dyn BufMut) {
        self.rlp_encode_fields(out);
    }
}

impl Decodable7594 for BlobTransactionSidecar {
    fn decode_7594(buf: &mut &[u8]) -> alloy_rlp::Result<Self> {
        Self::rlp_decode_fields(buf)
    }
}

/// Helper function to deserialize boxed blobs from a serde deserializer.
#[cfg(all(debug_assertions, feature = "serde"))]
pub(crate) fn deserialize_blobs<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Vec<Blob>, D::Error>
where
    D: serde::de::Deserializer<'de>,
{
    use serde::Deserialize;

    let raw_blobs = Vec::<alloy_primitives::Bytes>::deserialize(deserializer)?;
    let mut blobs = Vec::with_capacity(raw_blobs.len());
    for blob in raw_blobs {
        blobs.push(Blob::try_from(blob.as_ref()).map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?);
    }
    Ok(blobs)
}

#[cfg(all(not(debug_assertions), feature = "serde"))]
#[inline(always)]
pub(crate) fn deserialize_blobs<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Vec<Blob>, D::Error>
where
    D: serde::de::Deserializer<'de>,
{
    use serde::Deserialize;
    Vec::<Blob>::deserialize(deserializer)
}

/// Helper function to deserialize boxed blobs from an existing [`MapAccess`]
///
/// [`MapAccess`]: serde::de::MapAccess
#[cfg(all(debug_assertions, feature = "serde"))]
pub(crate) fn deserialize_blobs_map<'de, M: serde::de::MapAccess<'de>>(
    map_access: &mut M,
) -> Result<Vec<Blob>, M::Error> {
    let raw_blobs: Vec<alloy_primitives::Bytes> = map_access.next_value()?;
    let mut blobs = Vec::with_capacity(raw_blobs.len());
    for blob in raw_blobs {
        blobs.push(Blob::try_from(blob.as_ref()).map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)?);
    }
    Ok(blobs)
}

#[cfg(all(not(debug_assertions), feature = "serde"))]
#[inline(always)]
pub(crate) fn deserialize_blobs_map<'de, M: serde::de::MapAccess<'de>>(
    map_access: &mut M,
) -> Result<Vec<Blob>, M::Error> {
    use serde::de::MapAccess;
    map_access.next_value()
}

/// An error that can occur when validating a [BlobTransactionSidecar::validate].
#[derive(Debug)]
#[cfg(feature = "kzg")]
pub enum BlobTransactionValidationError {
    /// Proof validation failed.
    InvalidProof,
    /// An error returned by [`c_kzg`].
    KZGError(c_kzg::Error),
    /// The inner transaction is not a blob transaction.
    NotBlobTransaction(u8),
    /// Error variant for thrown by EIP-4844 tx variants without a sidecar.
    MissingSidecar,
    /// The versioned hash is incorrect.
    WrongVersionedHash {
        /// The versioned hash we got
        have: B256,
        /// The versioned hash we expected
        expected: B256,
    },
}

#[cfg(feature = "kzg")]
impl core::error::Error for BlobTransactionValidationError {}

#[cfg(feature = "kzg")]
impl core::fmt::Display for BlobTransactionValidationError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::InvalidProof => f.write_str("invalid KZG proof"),
            Self::KZGError(err) => {
                write!(f, "KZG error: {err:?}")
            }
            Self::NotBlobTransaction(err) => {
                write!(f, "unable to verify proof for non blob transaction: {err}")
            }
            Self::MissingSidecar => {
                f.write_str("eip4844 tx variant without sidecar being used for verification.")
            }
            Self::WrongVersionedHash { have, expected } => {
                write!(f, "wrong versioned hash: have {have}, expected {expected}")
            }
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "kzg")]
impl From<c_kzg::Error> for BlobTransactionValidationError {
    fn from(source: c_kzg::Error) -> Self {
        Self::KZGError(source)
    }
}

/// Iterator that returns versioned hashes from commitments.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct VersionedHashIter<'a> {
    /// The iterator over KZG commitments from which versioned hashes are generated.
    commitments: core::slice::Iter<'a, Bytes48>,
}

impl<'a> Iterator for VersionedHashIter<'a> {
    type Item = B256;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        self.commitments.next().map(|c| kzg_to_versioned_hash(c.as_slice()))
    }
}

// Constructor method for VersionedHashIter
impl<'a> VersionedHashIter<'a> {
    /// Creates a new iterator over commitments to generate versioned hashes.
    pub fn new(commitments: &'a [Bytes48]) -> Self {
        Self { commitments: commitments.iter() }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use arbitrary::Arbitrary;

    #[test]
    #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
    fn deserialize_blob() {
        let blob = BlobTransactionSidecar {
            blobs: vec![Blob::default(), Blob::default(), Blob::default(), Blob::default()],
            commitments: vec![
                Bytes48::default(),
                Bytes48::default(),
                Bytes48::default(),
                Bytes48::default(),
            ],
            proofs: vec![
                Bytes48::default(),
                Bytes48::default(),
                Bytes48::default(),
                Bytes48::default(),
            ],
        };

        let s = serde_json::to_string(&blob).unwrap();
        let deserialized: BlobTransactionSidecar = serde_json::from_str(&s).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(blob, deserialized);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_arbitrary_blob() {
        let mut unstructured = arbitrary::Unstructured::new(b"unstructured blob");
        let _blob = BlobTransactionSidecar::arbitrary(&mut unstructured).unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
    fn test_blob_item_serde_roundtrip() {
        let blob_item = BlobTransactionSidecarItem {
            index: 0,
            blob: Box::new(Blob::default()),
            kzg_commitment: Bytes48::default(),
            kzg_proof: Bytes48::default(),
        };

        let s = serde_json::to_string(&blob_item).unwrap();
        let deserialized: BlobTransactionSidecarItem = serde_json::from_str(&s).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(blob_item, deserialized);
    }
}